Warm Compress Of Pain Level In Patients Elderly Who Suffers

The background based on data found at the society health center of Bontonyeleng, district of Gantarang, the regency of Bulukumba.it received 45 rheumatic patients in 2017. The aim of this research is to find out the influence of warm compress to decrease the pain degree of rheumatic patients qat society health center of Bontonyeleng, district of Gantarang, the regency of Bulukumba. The method has taken in this research was experimental research ( pre-experimental design) using the one-group pretest-posttest design. The population sample in this research was 30 respondent, it was taken using shack formula. Data analyse result using T-test match with value p 0,000. the research result gained before applying warm compress ton lo pain degree patients are 2 respondents or (6.7%) medium paint degree patient is 28 respondents or (93,3). While the result after applying a warm compress for low pain degree patients is 20 respondents or (66.7%) medium pain degree patient is 10 respondents or (33.3%). Based on explanations above, we can conclude that there is the influence of warm compress to decrease pain degree for the rheumatic patient especially for old society at society heald center of Bontonyeleng, district of Gantarang, the regency of Bulukumba so that is why people in bukit harapan village, district of Gantarang, regency of Bulukumba suggests for those who feel the pain that indicates rheumatic should not ignore and do an action like applying warm compress immediately using correct tools to decrease the pain or doing health check as soon as possible to nearby medical care.


INTRODUCTION
Rheumatism is a disease that has long been known and is widespread throughout the world which symmetrically experiences inflammation so that swelling, pain and eventually cause damage to the inside of the joints and will interfere with the activity/work of patients. Rheumatism is more common in people who have excess activities in using the knee such as peddlers, and workers who squat a lot because there is excessive emphasis on the knee, generally the more strenuous activities carried out by someone in daily activities, the more frequent patients will experience rheumatism especially in the joints and more often in the morning (Bawarodi, 2017).
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), it is reported that 20% of the world's population has rheumatoid arthritis. Where 5-10% are those aged 5-20 years and 20% of those who are 55 years old (Wiyono, 2010). More than 355 million people worldwide suffer from rheumatic diseases. That means, every six people in the world, one of whom is a Rheumatoid sufferer, with a total population of around 7 billion people in 2012. It is estimated that this number continues to increase until 2025 with an indication of more than 25% will experience paralysis (Andriani, 2016).
Pain is the most common reason people seek health care. Individuals who feel pain Feeling depressed or suffering and looking for efforts to eliminate pain. Pain is subjective, no two individuals experience the same pain and no two occurrences of the same pain produce an identical response or feeling in an individual. Pain is a source of frustration, both for clients and health workers. The International Association for Pain Research (International Association for the Study of Pain, IASP) defines pain as "a subjective sensory and unpleasant emotional experience associated with tissue damage (Pinandita, 2012).
Warm compress is one of the pain management by giving heat energy through conduction, where the heat can cause vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) increase muscle relaxation thereby increasing circulation and increasing intake, oxygen, and nutrients to the tissues. Warm water compress is more effective than compresses alcohol (Setyawan, 2014).

MATERIALS AND METODS
The research design used in this study was an experimental research design (preexperimental design) using one-group pretest-posttest design. Experimental research is a study conducted by conducting trials / interventions or manipulations on research subjects then the effects of these interventions are measured and analyzed (Sugiyono, 2014). Population is a unit where a research result will be applied (generalized).
Ideally, research is carried out on population, because it can see a picture of the entire population as a unit where the results of the study will be applied (Dharma, 2013).
The population in this study were all rheumatic patients in 2017 patients in the Bontonyeleng Community Health Center, Gantarang District, Bulukumba District.
Sampling using sampling technique is a sampling technique to determine the sample to be used in research, in this study the sampling technique used by researchers is probability sampling with using simple random sampling. (Sugiyono, 2014).
Instrumen penelitian adalah suatu alat yang digunakan oleh peneliti untuk mengobservasi, mengukur atau menilai suatu fenomena (Dharma, 2013). In this study the authors used an observation sheet to determine the effect of warm compresses on pain in elderly patients suffering from rheumatism. The instrument used in this study is the observation sheet on the dependent and independent variables. Research instruments used to measure pain scales, using observation sheets before and after warm compresses.
Data analysis was performed to answer the research hypothesis, for this reason statistical tests were used that matched the research variables. Data were analyzed by: (1). Univariate Analysis, Analysis is done to see the proportion. (2). Bivariate Analysis, Bivariate test is carried out to look for the influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable with the test used is the Paired T Test.  Based on (Table 2) The results of the study that were obtained before the warm water compresses were performed which experienced mild pain of 2 respondents (6.7%) and moderate pain as many as 28 respondents or approximately (93.3%).

RESULT
Whereas after a warm water compress was obtained the level of mild pain was 20 respondents or around (66.7%) and moderate were 10 respondents or around Based on (Table 3) The results of the analysis using paired T test obtained significance value of P 0,000, it can be concluded that "There is an Influence of Warm