The Relationship Between Social Environments and Smoking Behavior in Adolescents in Taccorong Village, Gantarang District

Smoking behavior is influenced by several factors, one of which affects smoking behavior in adolescents is the social environment. The results of a preliminary study stated that many adolescents in Taccorong Village smoked because they were influenced by the number of smokers in the environment around the teenagers. This study aims to determine the relationship of the social environment with smoking behavior in adolescents in Taccorong Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency in 2017. This study is an analytic study with cross sectional approach. Sampling is done by total sampling technique. The research sample taken amounted to 52 teenage male smokers in Taccorong Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency. Measuring instruments used were questionnaires and observations. Analysis of the data used by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test with a value of ρ = 0,000 <α = 0.05 or p <0.001. Shows there is a relationship between the social environment with smoking behavior among adolescents in Taccorong Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba District.


INTRODUCTION
In its development, adolescents are very vulnerable to environmental influences.
Non-positive socio-cultural environment is a risk factor for adolescents to get caught up in unhealthy behaviors, for example: smoking, drinking alcohol, using drugs, fighting, and criminal acts. All adolescent behaviors that are considered to save this are very risky to their health and safety (Tarwoto et.al, 2010). Smoking is a habit that is harmful to health, but there are still many people who do it even most people or the public started smoking when he was a teenager. Smoking habit was allegedly not only influenced by the incessant cigarette advertisements in the media, especially television, but also influenced by the smallest environment, that is the family, almost 75% of households in Indonesia have a cigarette expenditure budget, which means there is at least 1 smoker in the household (Cahyo, 2012 Various facts also reveal that the more teenagers who smoke, the more likely their friends are smokers and vice versa. Among adolescent smokers, 87% have at least one or more smoker friends (Prasetyo and Budiarti, 2014). Cigarettes are an addictive substance, which when used can cause health hazards for individuals and society. Based on PP No. 19 of 2003 concerning securing cigarettes for health (Lisa, 2013). While smoking itself is one of the habits found in society and is a serious health problem. (Cahyo et.al, 2014). According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014, the tobacco epidemic has killed around 6 million people per year, 600 thousand of whom are passive smokers. This finding is reinforced by the results of the 2013 Basic Health Research which showed that smokers aged over 15 years were 36.3%. Most of them are male smokers with a prevalence of 64.9% and this number is the largest in the world.
The average cigarette smoked per day by residents aged ≥ 10 years in Indonesia is 12.3 sticks (equivalent to one pack). The current proportion of smokers in Indonesia is 29.3%, with the proportion of the population aged ≥ 10 years according to smoking habits in South Sulawesi as much as 22.8% every day smoking, and 4.2% who sometimes smoke. With an average number of cigarettes smoked in South Sulawesi as much as 14.6% (Riskesdas, 2013). Ministry of Health data shows that the prevalence of adolescents aged 16-19 years who smoke increased 3-fold from 7.1% in 1995 to 20.5% in 2014. And what is even more surprising is that young people (early) have started smoking. Beginner smokers aged 10-14 years increased by more than 100% in less than 20 years, from 8.9% in 1995 to 18% in 2013. As for research on the social environment with smoking behavior conducted by Prasetyo and Budiarti, in 2014 it was found that there was a relationship between the social environment and smoking habits in adolescents in the Antarctic High School Sidoarjo.
In the Taccorong village environment, the population in the village works on average as farmers and construction workers, based on the results of simple observations researchers many residents who smoke on the sidelines of their work not just the adult age even most of them are still classified as adolescents who do not continue their education . Apart from that, many teenagers in Taccorong Village smoke in warkop in Taccorong Village, in hangouts, on the streets, in public places, and even teenagers who smoke in the yard without any warning from parents, from 2,077 people the number of residents in Taccorong Village, 793 smoking and 1353 non-smoking data https://doi.org/10.37362/jch.v2i2.245 were found. The number of adolescents in Taccorong Village was 440, 190 were male and 250 were female (Data from the village, 2016).
Of the 190 teenage boys 52 people smoke, after interviews with 10 teenage smokers, the average teenager smokes at the age of 15 years, 6 teenagers smoke because they are influenced by the surrounding environment, most of whom are smokers, 3 teenagers who smoke because they are influenced by his friend then tried to smoke, 1 teenager smoked because his friend often teased him as a sissy teenager smoked because he wanted to be considered male. The magnitude of the influence of the social environment on saving behavior one of which is smoking is a matter that must be a concern. Based on the facts and things outlined above, this problem is the background of the researchers to examine "The relationship of the social environment with smoking behavior in adolescents in Taccorong Village

MATERIAL AND METHODS
This type of research uses a non-experimental design using a cross sectional approach which is an analytical research design that aims to determine the relationship between variables where the independent variable and the dependent variable are identified at one time unit (Dharma, 2013). Population is an object or subject that is in an area that meets certain conditions with research problems (Syamsuddin et.al, 2015) The population in this study were male teenagers in Taccorong Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency. With a population of 52 teenage boys who smoke. The sample is a criterion in which the research subjects represent research samples that qualify as a sample (Hidayat, 2014), the sample size in this study were 52 male teenagers who smoke.
The research instrument was a questionnaire sheet in a structured statement to identify the relationship between the social environment and smoking behavior among adolescents in Taccorong Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency, which will be tested for validity and reliability, and research instruments used to identify smoking behavior, namely by using sheets. observation. The statistical test used is the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test. This test aims to see whether or not there is a meaningful difference in proportions between the frequency distributions observed and expected with a significance level of 0.05. If P-Value <0.05 means there is a significant relationship (Ho is rejected) while P-Value> 0.05 means there is no meaningful relationship (Ho is accepted).      they had a smoking habit, while only 49 respondents or no more than half said they did not have a smoking habit. In a fairly good social environment, only a small portion of them had a smoking habit and only 10 respondents did not smoke. The rest of the overall respondents in a good social environment found only a few who have smoking habits and most dominated by adolescents who do not smoke.
The researcher's assumption says that the majority of adolescents who have a bad social environment are classified as heavy smokers, this can be caused by the large number of respondents aged 17 years at which age teens enter senior secondary education, and adolescents will try to interact with the new environment and copying the behavior of their friends one of which is smoking, besides the lack of attention from some parents will make teens get along with anyone, and teens who do not share the https://doi.org/10.37362/jch.v2i2.245 problems being experienced when outside the home with parents it will make teens choose to solve the problem by doing negative things one of which smoking.

CONCLUSIONS
From the results of the study, researchers can conclude that there is a relationship of social environment with smoking behavior in adolescents in the Village of Taccorong, District of Gantarang, Bulukumba. It is expected that taccorong villagers hold routine activities for adolescents so as not to do negative things