Characteristic Differences Of Children Obesity And Overweight In Coastal Areas And Mountains

World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 The rate of obesity in children in Indonesia was 11.5% and ranked 21st in the world. The purpose of this study was to find out the differences in characteristics of obese and overweight children in coastal and mountainous areas in Bulukumba District in 2018. The population in this study were obese and overweight children in 32 Bulukumba Junior High School, 18 Bulukumba Junior High School, and 14 Bulukumba Junior High School. The population in this study with the number of 423 respondents, the sample of this study were 71 respondents of the sampling technique used total sampling technique. This type of research is analytic research with a cross-sectional approach. The test used for differences in the characteristics of obese and overweight children in coastal and mountainous areas in Bulukumba Regency is the chi-square test with the results of the study that most of the students in high schools in the mountains who are obese are 17 respondents (44.7%) and those who are overweight (fat) 21 respondents (55.3). While most of the coastal areas were obese as many as 10 respondents (26.3%) and those who were overweight (fat) were 23 respondents (60.5%). The conclusion of this study is, "There are differences in the characteristics of obese and overweight children in the coastal and mountainous areas of Bulukumba District in 2018. The suggestions in this study can add library references and insights from students of Stikes Panrita Husada Bulukumba.


INTRODUCTION
Obesity and Overweight or overweight is a health problem which then decreases life expectancy or increases health problems, where a person's body of excess fat is accumulated in such a way as to have a detrimental impact on health. Measures obtained from the distribution of body weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters, are considered to suffer from obesity and overweight if the body mass index is more than 30 kg / m² (Andi Wicaksono, 2016).
According to the WHO (Global Nurition Report) 2016, the trend shows that the number will increase. The number of overweight children will increase to 70 million by 2025 if the trend continues. On the other hand, the country of Indonesia is also experiencing problems of over nutrition, in addition to experiencing problems of malnutrition. The obesity rate for children in Indonesia is 11.5% and ranks 21st in the world.
The incidence of obesity in the province of South Sulawesi by sex who did the examination in 2015, the sex of men who did the examination (24.15%), and the sex of women who did the examination (26.63%), the total number of people who checked were (25.51 %). The results were categorized as obese in male sex (8.25%), and in female sex (9.66%), and the total number that was categorized as obese in the province of South Sulawesi was (9.44%) (District Health Office / City South Sulawesi, 2015).
Results from preliminary data collection from the mountain and coastal areas were conducted by researchers in March 2018 at SMPN 18 Bulukumba school, SMPN 14 Bulukumba in the mountainous region, SMPN 32 Bulukumba in the coastal area. From the three schools, information was obtained that the child was doing learning activities.
The number of students in SMPN 18 Bulukumba class VII is 51 students, SMPN 14 Bulukumba class VII as many as 150 people, SMPN 32 Bulukumba class VII as many as 222 people. The total population of students and students from the mountainous region is 201 people, while the number of students and students from the population in the coastal area is 222 people.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the characteristics of obese and overweight children in the coastal and mountainous regions of Bulukumba Regency in 2018.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research design is a guide to conducting research, in which there is a research strategy, looking at the relationship between philosophical assumptions and certain methods, John W. Creswell in (Syamsuddin, Muriyati, Asnidar, & Sumarni, 2015).
This type of research used in this study is analytic research with cross sectional approach. The population is the whole object of the study or the object under study (Notoadmodjo, 2012). The population in this study was obtained from the coastal area of 32 Buukumba Junior High School and mountainous regions namely 14 Bulukumba Junior High School and 18 Grade VII Junior High School Bulukumba which were obese and overweight. The sampling technique in this study uses a nonprobality technique that is saturated sample or often referred to as total sampling. According to Sugiyono (2013: 124) total sampling is a technique for determining the sample by taking all members of the population as respondents or samples.
Research instruments or commonly called data collection tools. In making research instruments refer to the research variables, operational definitions and measurement scale of data that have been chosen with consideration (Suyanto, 2011). The research instruments used in this study are checklist and questionnaire using ordina and nominal measuring scales. Data were analyzed based on measuring scale and research objectives using computerized program software. Data were analyzed by: (1).
Univariate Analysis is an analysis conducted to analyze variables. (2). Bivariate Analysis, Bivariate Test is an analysis carried out by more than two variables. The statistical test used is the chi-square test. This test aims to see whether there is a significant difference in proportion between the observed frequency distribution and the expected significance level of 0.05. If P-Value <0.05 means there is a significant difference (Ho is rejected) while P-Value> 0.05 means there is no significant difference (Ho is accepted).      Based on table 7, the frequency distribution of family history of obesity with obesity and overweight that is at risk criteria with obesity as many as 25 respondents (61.0%), not at risk as much as 2 respondents (6.7%), While the criteria of risk with overweight as many as 16 respondents (39.0%), 28 respondents (93.3%) were not at risk. Based on the results of the SPSS analysis using the chi-square test obtained ecpected count 0 cell results above 5 and the main test requirements are met, the p value is 0.000. So it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between a family history of obesity with obesity and overweight in the coastal and mountainous regions.  Researchers assume that a parent's history of obesity is a factor in the occurrence of obesity and overweight in children this is caused due to genetic factors are reduced and eating habits, eating patterns of activity and this is because the average respondent who is obese and obese often consumes snacks like, crackers, sausages, chocolatos, better, and oily foods such as fried foods, nuggets, food, or ready-to-eat foods such as yellow rice, coconut milk, meatballs. Based on the results of the SPSS analysis using the chisquare test obtained ecpected count 0 cell results above 5 and the main test requirements are met, the p value is 0.000. So it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between differences in family income with obesity and overweight in coastal and mountainous regions. In line with the socioeconomic theory of the family is a family situation seen from the education of parents, income of parents, work status of parents and number of family members. Social class and socioeconomic status influence the prevalence of obesity and overweight (WHO, 2000). In line with research conducted by (Parengkuan, Mayulu, & Ponidjan, 2013) with analytical survey methods using a 136 sample case control design using chy-square test (x2) shows that there is a relationship between family income and the incidence of obesity in elementary school children in Manado city where the proportion of high-income families who have obese children is 55.9% and in the non-obese group is 25%.

RESULTS
Researchers assume that families with high incomes have a relationship with the incidence of obesity and overweight in children in coastal and mountainous regions.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the study above, it was concluded that, there are differences in the characteristics of obese and overweight children in the pesisr and mountainous regions of Bulukumba Regency in 2018. The suggestions in this study can add to library references and insights of Stikes Panrita Husada Bulukumba students